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Overseer Kyle's avatar

Really enjoyed this architectural deep-dive — the side-by-side diagrams are genuinely the clearest way to internalize how much design debt is being paid down across the field right now.

The observation about MiniMax M2.5 sticking with plain GQA was what stood out most to me. There's something almost contrarian about choosing simplicity when everyone else is racing toward hybrid linear attention. I'd be curious whether that translates into easier fine-tuning or more predictable scaling behavior in practice.

The note on Tiny Aya dropping QK-Norm for long-context reasons is also a good reminder that "training stability" and "inference behavior" aren't always aligned goals — would love to see an ablation on that tradeoff somewhere.

Looking forward to the DeepSeek V4 addition!

Harsh Bhardwaj | AI & Startups's avatar

Sebastian, excellent breakdown of open-weight LLM architectures in Jan-Feb 2026—love the inference-time scaling categories. As a coder, inference speed hacks are game-changers for local agents. Which one do you think will dominate vibe coding next? Your takes always ahead! 📈 #AI2026

Sebastian Raschka, PhD's avatar

Thanks! Let me revisit this question once DeepSeek V4 is released 😊

Sai Chirag's avatar

Great post,would love to see the breakdown of Sarvam models once they are out!

Kyle Watson's avatar

There is a typo in Figure 12, it should be 11B instead of 37B parameters are active for the Step 3.5 Flash.

Sebastian Raschka, PhD's avatar

Thanks for the note. Must have been a copy&paste error, but I just fixed it.

Jiada Li's avatar

The Attention block in Figure 1 is a bit confusing. The right Order from top-down should be:

Gated Attention

RoPE+NoPE

QKNorm

And also, shouldn't be like 'RoPE+NoPE', since they are used depending on which Attention algorithm, like GQA or SWA. So I feel like the correct way to illustrate should be 'RoPE or NoPE'.

Sebastian Raschka, PhD's avatar

Thanks for the feedback! Regarding

"""

Gated Attention

RoPE+NoPE

QKNorm

"""

Actually I didn't mean to imply a particular order. Originally, when I started drawing these diagrams years ago, I just had a RoPE box there. Then I added QK-Norm for Olmo etc. And then for this one I just added Gated Attention below where there was still space. But I can see that it may be confusing in case a specific order is expected. This is actually a good point, and I will order it in the future.

Regarding RoPE + NoPE I also agree. The + was a shorthand for both being used, but also here it can be a bit misleading because you wouldn't use both at the same time, it's either or.

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